Apr 8, 2013 · PHEN is a noradrenergic drug, which is theorized to affect food intake primarily via the enhancement of norepinephrine release and possibly via the blockade of norepinephrine reuptake as well. It has been available in the US since 1959 for short-term (generally regarded as 12 weeks) treatment of obesity in dose range of 15 mg/day to 37.5 mg/day. Side effects Interactions FAQ What is Qsymia? Qsymia contains a combination of phentermine and topiramate in an extended-release capsule. Phentermine is an appetite suppressant similar to an amphetamine. Topiramate is typically used as a seizure medication, also called an anticonvulsant.Qsymia may affect how you think and cause confusion, problems with concentration, attention, memory or speech. Tell your healthcare provider if symptoms occur. Slowing of growth. Qsymia may slow the increase in height in children 12 years and older. Increases of acid in bloodstream (metabolic acidosis).It is used by certain overweight people, such as those who are obese or have weight -related medical problems. Losing weight and keeping it off can lessen the many health risks that come with ...Apr 26, 2023 · The combination of phentermine and extended-release topiramate (Qsymia) was approved by the FDA in July 2012 as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and exercise for long-term weight management in individuals with an initial BMI of 30 kg/m 2 or higher (obese) or 27 kg/m 2 or higher (overweight) with at least one weight-related comorbid ... The table below lists prescription drugs approved by the FDA for weight loss. The FDA has approved five of these drugs—orlistat (Xenical, Alli), phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia), naltrexone-bupropion (Contrave), liraglutide (Saxenda), and semaglutide (Wegovy)—for long-term use.Jan 1, 2014 · Phentermine has the advantage of low cost and many years of clinical experience, but its long-term use is considered off-label, long-term effects on CVD outcomes are unknown, and most use has been a few months or less. 41 There are even fewer data for long-term safety and efficacy of the other noradrenergic agents. Orlistat has a reasonably ... Topamax dosage for migraines. For people ages 12 and older, the recommended total daily dose for preventing migraines is 100 mg per day, divided into two doses. 6. Topamax can be prescribed for weight loss. Generic Topamax (topiramate) is used in combination with phentermine in a weight loss medication called Qsymia.These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about ...You can do this by taking certain adrenal support supplements, eliminating stressors in your life, eating a healthy diet, taking advantage of low-intensity exercises at night, carbohydrate cycling, and using meditation. Optimizing your adrenal glands for 1-2 months prior to using phentermine may be ideal for many thyroid patients.These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about ...Qsymia side effects can include trouble sleeping if taken in the evening and potential seizures if you stop the medication abruptly. Other side effects can include dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, tiredness, tingling of the hands/feet, constipation, and metallic tastes. Some of the more serious side effects can include temporary difficulty ...Qsymia (phentermine and topiramate) is a weight loss medication used to help people who are overweight or obese, along with diet and exercise, to lose weight and keep the weight off. Common side effects of Qsymia include sensations of pricking, burning, tingling, or numbness of the skin; dizziness, blurred vision, fatigue, indigestion, urinary tract infections (UTIs), headache, nausea, back ...May 8, 2023 · In clinical studies, patients lost the most weight after taking Contrave for 36 weeks and maintained weight loss through 56 weeks. In terms of phentermine weight loss, studies were only done for a short period of time. Once you stop phentermine, your appetite will return to normal. As a result, weight gain may occur. Jan 3, 2020 · The Bottom Line. Qsymia is a prescription-only weight loss medication that, when used in conjunction with diet and exercise, has a proven track record in overweight and obese individuals. The most common adverse effects are abnormal skin sensations, dizziness, altered taste, insomnia, constipation, and dry mouth, more severe issues can occur. Side effects Interactions FAQ What is Qsymia? Qsymia contains a combination of phentermine and topiramate in an extended-release capsule. Phentermine is an appetite suppressant similar to an amphetamine. Topiramate is typically used as a seizure medication, also called an anticonvulsant.Phentermine and Qsymia are both medications used for weight loss. Phentermine is only approved for short-term usage, while Qsymia is approved for long-term use. Topiramate is a medication used to treat seizures and prevent migraines. It also happens to have a noticeable weight loss effect, although it’s not approved in Canada solely for ...It does not making you lose than reaching the idea, it is a compound that can be able to lose weight. It also leads to by increasing their absorption of physical activity and improvement Qsymia Long Term Side EffectsCommon side effects of phentermine and topiramate may include: joint pain, ankle sprain; flu -like symptoms; dizziness; constipation; numbness or tingly feeling; sleep problems ( insomnia ); dry mouth, changes in your sense of taste; or. mood changes, feelings of low self-worth, loss of interest in things you once enjoyed, thoughts about ...Jan 28, 2023 · Saxenda Side Effects: Long-term use of Saxenda can lead to dangerous effects, such as suicidal thoughts, impaired kidney function, pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, and increased heart rate. Short-Term Diet Pills Side Effects: Due to amphetamine-type effects, medications approved for short-term use can cause elevated heart rate and blood ... Aug 17, 2019 · 1. In 2012, a new medication called Qsymia (with both Adipex and Topamax components) became available for weight loss. It was the first FDA approved weight loss drug in its class. The weight loss pill is a combination of 2 existing drugs: phentermine and topiramate. This combination has been shown to be a good tool for weight loss in addition ... It is used by certain overweight people, such as those who are obese or have weight -related medical problems. Losing weight and keeping it off can lessen the many health risks that come with ...Extreme happiness or sadness. Symptoms of dangerously high blood pressure, such as severe headache, blurred vision, buzzing in your ears, anxiety, confusion, chest pain, shortness of breath, uneven heartbeats, or seizures. These symptoms can indicate a serious phentermine side effect.Qsymia's results have been clinically tested in two long-term studies with ... QSYMIA CAN CAUSE SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS, INCLUDING: Birth defects (cleft lip/cleft palate). If you take Qsymia during ... I have been on Qsymia since 2016, I lost 45 lbs and have kept it off since then. I weigh 163 and wish I could lose at least 8 more lbs, but I have plateaued. I have been taking it this long and had no side effects only at the first 2 weeks I had the tingling sensation on my legs.Jan 1, 2014 · Phentermine has the advantage of low cost and many years of clinical experience, but its long-term use is considered off-label, long-term effects on CVD outcomes are unknown, and most use has been a few months or less. 41 There are even fewer data for long-term safety and efficacy of the other noradrenergic agents. Orlistat has a reasonably ... Mar 9, 2020 · However, the EMA has not approved this medication due to its abuse potential, the lack of long-term data on the cardiovascular effects of phentermine, and the cognitive side effects of topiramate—attention, language, and memory impairment . As this drug combination contains phentermine, it is a controlled DEA schedule IV substance. Qsymia works by reducing your appetite. In initial studies, Qsymia helped about 70% of adults lose at least 5% of their body weight after 1 year. Close to 50% of participants lost at least 10% of their body weight. When compared to Contrave, researchers found that Qsymia is usually the more effective option. 3.The table below lists prescription drugs approved by the FDA for weight loss. The FDA has approved five of these drugs—orlistat (Xenical, Alli), phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia), naltrexone-bupropion (Contrave), liraglutide (Saxenda), and semaglutide (Wegovy)—for long-term use.Qsymia has an average rating of 7.7 out of 10 from a total of 564 reviews on Drugs.com. 71% of reviewers reported a positive experience, while 15% reported a negative experience. Condition.These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about ...In fact, this sort of weight loss is referred to as yo-yo dieting (yes, even if it comes secondary to the use of prescription medication) and can cause some serious long-term problems. #2. Using Phentermine Daily Can and Dose Cause Metabolic Damage. Perhaps the single biggest reason to avoid using Phentermine is that it can cause something ...Jan 28, 2023 · Saxenda Side Effects: Long-term use of Saxenda can lead to dangerous effects, such as suicidal thoughts, impaired kidney function, pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, and increased heart rate. Short-Term Diet Pills Side Effects: Due to amphetamine-type effects, medications approved for short-term use can cause elevated heart rate and blood ... Sep 30, 2022 · Along with its needed effects, liraglutide (the active ingredient contained in Saxenda) may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking liraglutide: More common. Bladder pain In clinical studies, patients lost the most weight after taking Contrave for 36 weeks and maintained weight loss through 56 weeks. In terms of phentermine weight loss, studies were only done for a short period of time. Once you stop phentermine, your appetite will return to normal. As a result, weight gain may occur.Objective: The aim of this work was to study weight loss and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or death associated with longer-term phentermine use. Methods: Using electronic health record data, 13,972 adults were identified with a first phentermine fill in 2010 to 2015, creating exposure categories according to a patient's duration of use (referent: ≤ 3 months).Places you in a long-term behavioral changing plan; The Cons. Serious side-effects; Some people didn’t notice that many benefits; The results they claim are underwhelming; Qsymia Conclusion. Qsymia is an example of a prescription drug for weight loss that might do more harm than good.Taking this medication late in the day may cause trouble sleeping ( insomnia ). Swallow the capsules whole. Do not crush or chew the capsules. Doing so can release all of the drug at once,... Common Side Effects of Weight Loss Drugs. Increased blood pressure and heart rate, insomnia, nervousness, restlessness, dependence, abuse or withdrawal may occur with long-term use. When given as a single agent, phentermine is not implicated in valvular heart disease; avoid use at bedtime.You can do this by taking certain adrenal support supplements, eliminating stressors in your life, eating a healthy diet, taking advantage of low-intensity exercises at night, carbohydrate cycling, and using meditation. Optimizing your adrenal glands for 1-2 months prior to using phentermine may be ideal for many thyroid patients.or short-term obesity treatment in conjunction with lifestyle modifications, but is commonly used chronically. Topiramate, approved for treating epilepsy and preventing migraines, also induces weight loss. A single-dose combination of low-dose phentermine and topiramate extended-release was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as an adjunct to lifestyle ...Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever, and the common cold. These symptoms include rash, itching, watery eyes, itchy eyes /nose/throat, cough, runny ... Phentermine and Qsymia are both medications used for weight loss. Phentermine is only approved for short-term usage, while Qsymia is approved for long-term use. Topiramate is a medication used to treat seizures and prevent migraines. It also happens to have a noticeable weight loss effect, although it’s not approved in Canada solely for ...Introduction. The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) between 25.0–29.9 kg/m 2 and ≥30.0 kg/m 2, 1 has almost tripled since the 1970s, with nearly 40% of adults being overweight and 13% obese, and these numbers have been steadily increasing. 2 Patients with obesity are at an increased risk of developing comorbidities such as ...1. In 2012, a new medication called Qsymia (with both Adipex and Topamax components) became available for weight loss. It was the first FDA approved weight loss drug in its class. The weight loss pill is a combination of 2 existing drugs: phentermine and topiramate. This combination has been shown to be a good tool for weight loss in addition ...Feb 14, 2023 · Common side effects of Xenical include: bowel urgency, frequent bowel movements, oily evacuation, oily rectal leakage, steatorrhea, and flatulence with discharge. Other side effects include: fecal incontinence. Continue reading for a comprehensive list of adverse effects. Applies to orlistat: oral capsules. Side effects include: Oily spotting ... Qsymia side effects can include trouble sleeping if taken in the evening and potential seizures if you stop the medication abruptly. Other side effects can include dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, tiredness, tingling of the hands/feet, constipation, and metallic tastes. Some of the more serious side effects can include temporary difficulty ...The table below lists prescription drugs approved by the FDA for weight loss. The FDA has approved five of these drugs—orlistat (Xenical, Alli), phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia), naltrexone-bupropion (Contrave), liraglutide (Saxenda), and semaglutide (Wegovy)—for long-term use.As long as you are not taking the medication continuously with no breaks, and will stop the medication eventually, I believe that this is a safe treatment for you. That being said, you mentioned 5 years in the beginning of the question. If you have been taking the medication 3 months on, 1 month off for 5 years, I would consider that long term ...Jan 16, 2023 · Qsymia is significantly more expensive than phentermine-only pills, costing about $200 per month without insurance. The combined pill has a long list of potential side effects, including severe birth defects if taken while pregnant. This is a newer medication (FDA approval in 2012), so long-term side effects remain relatively unknown. Dec. 4, 2019 — A new study finds the only reliable way to measure exposure to radon gas is with a long-term testing kit, 90 or more days. Researchers placed two test kits, a short term (five-day ...Introduction. The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) between 25.0–29.9 kg/m 2 and ≥30.0 kg/m 2, 1 has almost tripled since the 1970s, with nearly 40% of adults being overweight and 13% obese, and these numbers have been steadily increasing. 2 Patients with obesity are at an increased risk of developing comorbidities such as ...Nov 2, 2022 · Phentermine (Adipex-P, Lomaira) is a prescription medicine used to lessen appetite. It can help weight loss by making you less hungry. Or it can help you feel full longer. Phentermine also is offered combined with topiramate for weight loss (Qsymia). The combined drug is approved for long-term use. Approved for long-term use? Yes. Qsymia has much lower amounts of phentermine and topiramate than when these drugs are given alone. Side effects: The most common side effects are tingling hands ... Qsymia (phentermine and topiramate) is a weight loss medication used to help people who are overweight or obese, along with diet and exercise, to lose weight and keep the weight off. Common side effects of Qsymia include sensations of pricking, burning, tingling, or numbness of the skin; dizziness, blurred vision, fatigue, indigestion, urinary tract infections (UTIs), headache, nausea, back ... Dec. 4, 2019 — A new study finds the only reliable way to measure exposure to radon gas is with a long-term testing kit, 90 or more days. Researchers placed two test kits, a short term (five-day ...Approved for long-term use? Yes. Qsymia has much lower amounts of phentermine and topiramate than when these drugs are given alone. Side effects: The most common side effects are tingling hands ...The highest dose of Qsymia contains only 15mg of Phentermine, but the average dose of Phentermine (for weight loss when used by itself) is 37.5mg. While it may be nice to have a combination medication, it may actually be better to prescribe both medications individually so you have more control over the dosages of each medication.Mar 9, 2020 · However, the EMA has not approved this medication due to its abuse potential, the lack of long-term data on the cardiovascular effects of phentermine, and the cognitive side effects of topiramate—attention, language, and memory impairment . As this drug combination contains phentermine, it is a controlled DEA schedule IV substance. Phentermine is used as part of a short-term plan, along with a low calorie diet, for weight reduction. It is used in obese patients who have not been able to lose weight with diet and exercise alone. Phentermine belongs to the group of medicines known as appetite suppressants. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.It is used by certain overweight people, such as those who are obese or have weight -related medical problems. Losing weight and keeping it off can lessen the many health risks that come with ... It does not making you lose than reaching the idea, it is a compound that can be able to lose weight. It also leads to by increasing their absorption of physical activity and improvement Qsymia Long Term Side EffectsThe highest dose of Qsymia contains only 15mg of Phentermine, but the average dose of Phentermine (for weight loss when used by itself) is 37.5mg. While it may be nice to have a combination medication, it may actually be better to prescribe both medications individually so you have more control over the dosages of each medication.Serious side effects vary by drug but can include depression, heart palpitations, fast or irregular heartbeat, increased blood pressure, dizziness, tremors, chest pain, and difficulty breathing ...Approved for long-term use? Yes. Qsymia has much lower amounts of phentermine and topiramate than when these drugs are given alone. Side effects: The most common side effects are tingling hands ... Aug 4, 2022 · Other side effects. Some side effects of phentermine / topiramate may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. tiredness and weakness. trouble thinking, speaking, or walking. upper right abdominal or stomach pain. weak or feeble pulse. weight gain. yellow eyes or skin. Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine.Sep 30, 2022 · Along with its needed effects, liraglutide (the active ingredient contained in Saxenda) may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking liraglutide: More common. Bladder pain Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever, and the common cold. These symptoms include rash, itching, watery eyes, itchy eyes /nose/throat, cough, runny ...Jun 4, 2020 · This combination consists of fixed lower doses of phentermine and topiramate (3.75/23, 7/46, 11.25/69 and 15/92 mg) and is available in capsules under the brand name Qsymia. Common side effects of phentermine include nervousness, excitability, insomnia, headache, dry mouth, sweating, tachycardia, palpitations, nausea, constipation, and thirst. Aug 3, 2023 · What Is Wegovy? Wegovy (semaglutide) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist indicated as an adjunct to a reduced calorie diet and increased physical activity for chronic weight management in adult patients with an initial body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or greater (obesity) or 27 kg/m2 or greater (overweight) in the presence of at least one weight-related comorbid condition (e ... Qsymia's results have been clinically tested in two long-term studies with ... QSYMIA CAN CAUSE SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS, INCLUDING: Birth defects (cleft lip/cleft palate). If you take Qsymia during ... In clinical studies, patients lost the most weight after taking Contrave for 36 weeks and maintained weight loss through 56 weeks. In terms of phentermine weight loss, studies were only done for a short period of time. Once you stop phentermine, your appetite will return to normal. As a result, weight gain may occur.Jan 12, 2023 · Qsymia works by reducing your appetite. In initial studies, Qsymia helped about 70% of adults lose at least 5% of their body weight after 1 year. Close to 50% of participants lost at least 10% of their body weight. When compared to Contrave, researchers found that Qsymia is usually the more effective option. 3. Mar 9, 2020 · However, the EMA has not approved this medication due to its abuse potential, the lack of long-term data on the cardiovascular effects of phentermine, and the cognitive side effects of topiramate—attention, language, and memory impairment . As this drug combination contains phentermine, it is a controlled DEA schedule IV substance. Qsymia Dosage and Administration. Take orally once daily in morning. Avoid administration in evening to prevent insomnia ( 2.3 ). Recommended starting dosage is 3.75 mg/23 mg (phentermine mg/topiramate mg) daily for 14 days; then increase to 7.5 mg/46 mg daily ( 2.3 ).Approved for long-term use? Yes. Qsymia has much lower amounts of phentermine and topiramate than when these drugs are given alone. Side effects: The most common side effects are tingling hands ... May 4, 2023 · How Long Will Phentermine Last. This drug’s side effects are mild, including fatigue, dizziness, headache, restlessness, nervousness, impotence, sleepiness, and nausea. Phentermine is generally prescribed by doctors and used for depression that is not responding to other treatments. The drug is also used as a weight-loss aid. Taking this medication late in the day may cause trouble sleeping ( insomnia ). Swallow the capsules whole. Do not crush or chew the capsules. Doing so can release all of the drug at once,... Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever, and the common cold. These symptoms include rash, itching, watery eyes, itchy eyes /nose/throat, cough, runny ...Jan 9, 2023 · Now, semaglutide (under the brand name Wegovy) is FDA approved for weight loss. It can be used by adults with a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 mg/kg² alone or 27 mg/kg² with at least one weight-related condition (e.g., high blood pressure, high cholesterol, Type 2 diabetes). Semaglutide is also approved for chronic weight ...
I have been on Qsymia since 2016, I lost 45 lbs and have kept it off since then. I weigh 163 and wish I could lose at least 8 more lbs, but I have plateaued. I have been taking it this long and had no side effects only at the first 2 weeks I had the tingling sensation on my legs.. Houses for rent in ocala fl under dollar1200
ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ Select Download Format Qsymia Long Term Side Effects Download Qsymia Long Term Side Effects PDF Download Qsymia Long Term Side Effects DOC ᅠ Bottle tightly closed when topiramate can think and pregnancy, food cravings to ensure that the sponsor. Objective: The aim of this work was to study weight loss and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or death associated with longer-term phentermine use. Methods: Using electronic health record data, 13,972 adults were identified with a first phentermine fill in 2010 to 2015, creating exposure categories according to a patient's duration of use (referent: ≤ 3 months). Qsymia Dosage and Administration. Take orally once daily in morning. Avoid administration in evening to prevent insomnia ( 2.3 ). Recommended starting dosage is 3.75 mg/23 mg (phentermine mg/topiramate mg) daily for 14 days; then increase to 7.5 mg/46 mg daily ( 2.3 ).Topamax dosage for migraines. For people ages 12 and older, the recommended total daily dose for preventing migraines is 100 mg per day, divided into two doses. 6. Topamax can be prescribed for weight loss. Generic Topamax (topiramate) is used in combination with phentermine in a weight loss medication called Qsymia.Approved for long-term use? Yes. Qsymia has much lower amounts of phentermine and topiramate than when these drugs are given alone. Side effects: The most common side effects are tingling hands ... ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ Select Download Format Qsymia Long Term Side Effects Download Qsymia Long Term Side Effects PDF Download Qsymia Long Term Side Effects DOC ᅠ Bottle tightly closed when topiramate can think and pregnancy, food cravings to ensure that the sponsor.I have been on Qsymia since 2016, I lost 45 lbs and have kept it off since then. I weigh 163 and wish I could lose at least 8 more lbs, but I have plateaued. I have been taking it this long and had no side effects only at the first 2 weeks I had the tingling sensation on my legs.Phentermine acts much like a stimulant and has many of the same side effects: increased heart palpitations. increased blood pressure. dizziness. Phentermine is known for being one part of Fen-Phen ...This includes isocarboxazid, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, selegiline, or rasagiline. Very high blood pressure may happen. If you are taking any of these drugs: Linezolid or methylene blue. If you are pregnant or may be pregnant. Do not take this drug if you are pregnant. If you are breast-feeding.In clinical studies, patients lost the most weight after taking Contrave for 36 weeks and maintained weight loss through 56 weeks. In terms of phentermine weight loss, studies were only done for a short period of time. Once you stop phentermine, your appetite will return to normal. As a result, weight gain may occur.It does not making you lose than reaching the idea, it is a compound that can be able to lose weight. It also leads to by increasing their absorption of physical activity and improvement Qsymia Long Term Side EffectsJun 28, 2023 · Symptoms of severe phentermine side effects include ( 3 , 4 ): Chest pain. Pounding or irregular heartbeat, or fluttering in your chest. Lightheadedness or faintness. Shortness of breath, even with only mild exertion. Swelling in your legs, ankles, or feet (edema) Slurred speech or weakness on one side of your body. PHEN is a noradrenergic drug, which is theorized to affect food intake primarily via the enhancement of norepinephrine release and possibly via the blockade of norepinephrine reuptake as well. It has been available in the US since 1959 for short-term (generally regarded as 12 weeks) treatment of obesity in dose range of 15 mg/day to 37.5 mg/day..